Unlike double-flank inspection, where a component and master gear are engaged in tight mesh, single-flank testing uses a fixed operating center distance to ensure an appropriate amount of backlash is achieved in the system. This allows the tailored-designed master gear to roll with the component and provide results in the tangential plane, i.e., profile/involute errors, pitch errors, and total index errors. Under light load conditions, the onboard measurement systems will collect vibrational and angular irregularities during rotation, process, and display the result. Depending on the outcome of the part, a list of failure modes will provide important information for an engineer to review in the event that a machine correction is to be made. An additional benefit to single-flank inspection is the ability to measure the true accumulated pitch index, Fp, of the gear and understand how it may impact future sound quality. The systems are equipped with high-precision instrumentation to ensure measurement accuracy and repeatability. Each machine incorporates precision spindles and application-specific master gears to support a range of gear configurations, including those used in electric vehicle drivetrains. Measurement of TE and TA is performed within a short cycle time, typically ≤35 seconds, enabling efficient evaluation of both quasi-static and dynamic gear behavior in production environments.